作者：吴为¹, 武攀峰², 缪明¹, 张琰¹, 张敏¹

作者单位：1. 南通市农产品检验测试中心, 江苏 南通 226002;
2. 南通市环境监测中心站, 江苏 南通 226006

关键词：耕地土壤;重金属;潜在生态风险;污染源

摘要：

该文基于855个采样点位重金属实测数据，综合采用单因子、内梅罗污染指数法和Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法（RI）两种方法，全面评估南通市耕地土壤重金属的污染状况，分析其主要污染来源。结果表明：除如皋和海安的Hg元素外，Cr、Pb、Cd、As、Hg含量均高于背景值，分别为背景值的1.17~1.48倍、1.02~1.20倍、1.28~1.69倍、1.03~1.80倍和1.11~1.34倍，但低于国家标准，污染等级为安全。Hakanson潜在生态危害评价结果显示，研究区域耕地土壤重金属污染为低生态风险程度，其中以通州、市区、启东和海门较高，如皋最低；各重金属元素E_rⁱ值从大到小依次为Cd > Hg > As > Pb > Cr，两种方法评价结果间存在一定的差异。区域内耕地土壤Cd主要来自化肥和农药非点源污染；Hg和As污染主要位于滨江沿海区域，可能与集中的化工园区和外源性Hg、As污染物大气传输等有关；与此同时还应关注海安与通州两地电镀、钢丝绳和纺织染整企业对周边Cr的污染。

Pollution characteristics and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in cultivated soils of riverside and coastal area
WU Wei¹, WU Panfeng², MIAO Ming¹, ZHANG Yan¹, ZHANG Min¹
1. Nantong Agricultural Product Test Center, Nantong 226002, China;
2. Nantong Environment Monitoring Center, Nantong 226006, China
Abstract: The heavy metal pollution in cultivated soil in Nantong was comprehensively evaluated and the main pollution sources were analyzed based on the measured data of heavy metals at 855 sampling points through single factor, Nemerow pollution index and Hakanson potential ecological risk method (RI). According to the results, except for Hg in cultivated soils of Rugao and Hai'an, Cr, Pb, Cd, As, Hg are all higher than the background value, respectively in 1.17-1.48 times, 1.02-1.20 times, 1.28-1.69 times, 1.03-1.80 times and 1.11-1.34 times. However, they are lower than the national standards, and their pollution level is in the safe zone. According to results Hakanson potential ecological risk method (RI), the heavy metal pollution of the cultivated soil in research areas is at a low-risk level, and in those areas, the risk level of risks in Tongzhou, Shiqu, Qidong and Haimen are high and relatively low in Rugao. The contents of these heavy metals are ranked as Cd>Hg>As>Pb>Cr. It shows that there are some differences between the evaluation results of the above two methods. Cd pollution of cultivated soils is mainly from non-point source pollution of chemical fertilizer and pesticides; the pollution of Hg and As mainly occur in riverside areas and coastal areas, mainly caused by the atmospheric transmission of exogenous Hg and As pollution and the centralized pollution of the chemical industrial park. Meanwhile, attention should also be paid to the Cr pollution in the surrounding environment from electroplating, wire rope and textile dyeing companies.
Keywords: cultivated soils;heavy metal;potential ecological risk;pollution source
2019, 45(2):78-82,110  收稿日期: 2018-08-29;收到修改稿日期: 2018-10-11
基金项目: 江苏省环境监测科研基金项目（1708）；江苏省留学奖学金项目（JS-2016-018）
作者简介: 吴为(1980-),女,江苏如皋市人,高级农艺师,硕士,主要从事农业环境及农产品检测研究
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