作者：王鹏^1,2, 穆军¹, 雷镇嘉¹

作者单位：1. 新疆维吾尔自治区计量测试研究院，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011;
2. 石河子大学机械电气工程学院，新疆 石河子 832000

关键词：CFD;S型皮托管;直管段;锥形管;压差

摘要：

针对皮托管测量管道气体的排放量存在局限性，该文基于CFD对S型皮托管分别在不同偏移距离、不同锥角管段条件下进行单因素仿真实验，首先建立压差ΔP的目标函数，得出S型皮托管的校准系数0.85，进一步研究不同流场条件对压差、相对示值误差的影响。研究结果表明：直管段条件下，随着空气流速的增大，压差呈现一致的变化规律；在同一流速下，偏移距离越大，压差就越大，示值误差也增大；不同偏移距离下，示值误差随着流速的增大而增大，并逐渐趋于稳定。锥形管条件下，随着流速的不断增大，各流速点下的压差变大，相对示值误差也不断增大；随着锥角的继续增大，压差值与流速值呈指数函数变化趋势，各流速点对应的相对示值误差明显增大。因此，不同偏移距离、不同锥角管段都会对压差有直接影响，导致测量示值误差失真，研究结果为今后采用S型皮托管对烟道或烟函的气体污染物排放测量提供理论支撑和相关数据参考。

Simulation study on S type pitot tube flow measurement based on CFD
WANG Peng^1,2, MU Jun¹, LEI Zhenjia¹
1. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of Measurement &Testing, Urumqi 830011, China;
2. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
Abstract: In view of the pitot tube measurement of pipeline gas emissions have limitations, this article is based on CFD to the S type pitot tube, respectively in different distance and angle section under the condition of carrying out the simulation of single factor experiment, first set up the objective function of the differential pressure ΔP of the S type pitot tube calibration coefficient is 0.85, further study on flow field in different conditions on the pressure difference, the influence of the relative error value. The results show that under the condition of straight pipe, with the increase of air flow velocity, pressure differential shows the change rule of consistent; under the same speed, the greater the offset distance, the greater the pressure differential, also increase of error; under different migration distances, the error of indication increases with the increase of velocity and tends to be stable gradually. Tapered tube conditions, with the increasing of flow rate, the flow rate under the point of the differential, relative error value is increasing; as the cone Angle continues to increase, the pressure difference and velocity value change exponentially, and the relative value error corresponding to each velocity point increases obviously. Therefore, different distance and Angle section will have a direct influence on the differential, lead to measure distortion of error of indication, the S type pitot tube measured point velocity can't completely replace the average velocity of cross section, this study will be used for the S type pitot tube for flue or smoke gas pollutants discharge measurement to provide theoretical support and reference data.
Keywords: CFD;S type pitot tube;straight pipe section;conical pipe;pressure difference
2020, 46(8):119-124  收稿日期: 2019-10-11;收到修改稿日期: 2020-01-27
基金项目: 国家十三五重点研发计划NQI重点专项（2017YFF0205301）
作者简介: 王鹏（1984-），男，安徽阜阳市人，工程师，硕士，主要从事流量计量工作
参考文献
[1] 崔波. 中国低碳经济的国际合作与竞争[D]. 北京：中共中央党校, 2013.
[2] 李德林. 基于风洞试验下的皮托管几何结构的优化设计研究[D]. 保定：河北大学, 2018.
[3] 卫冬丽. 中国燃煤电厂二氧化碳排放量计算方法研究[D]. 北京：北京交通大学, 2014.
[4] 桑晓鸣, 万丽芬, 耿睿, 等. 临界流音速喷嘴标准装置检测皮托管实验研究[J]. 中国计量, 2013(5): 87-89
[5] EPA method 1-sample and velocity traverses for stationary sources[S]. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000.
[6] EPA method 2-determination of flue gas velocitIty and volu-metric flow rate (type S pitot tube)[S]. U.S. Environ-mental Protection Agency, 2000.
[7] 李海洋, 张亮, 刘波, 等. 燃煤电厂烟道结构参数测量方法的研究[J]. 工业计量, 2018, 28(6): 9-12, 34
[8] 工业企业温室气体排放核算和报告通则：GB/T32150-2015[S]. 北京: 中国质检出版社, 2015.
[9] 固定污染源排气中颗粒物測定与气态污染物采样方法：CB/I16157-1996[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 1996.
[10] 张玉莹, 朱菁雅, 李子豪. 皮托管安装位置对总压测量影响的仿真计算[J]. 江苏航空, 2018(4): 36-38
[11] 刘绪鹏, 刘忠奎, 田吉祥, 等. 皮托管式静压探针气动性能的CFD和试验对比研究[J]. 航空发动机, 2019, 45(2): 43-49
[12] 王鹏, 黄湘来, 蔡勤. 临界流音速喷嘴标准装置检测皮托管的试验分析[J]. 工业计量, 2014, 24(6): 32-33
[13] 孙志强, 周孑民, 张宏建, 等. 皮托管测量影响因素分析Ⅱ. 全压孔与静压孔的影响[J]. 传感技术学报, 2007(4): 941-944
[14] 孙志强, 周孑民, 张宏建, 等. 皮托管测量影响因素分析 I. 检测杆与安装角的影响[J]. 传感技术学报, 2007(3): 690-693
[15] 杨欢, 秋实, 陈思林, 等. 探头偏转角对皮托管测速精度影响分析[J]. 测控技术, 2012, 31(10): 12-15