作者：张辰¹, 孙继贤², 梁晓会¹, 魏名山², 田冉², 江斌¹, 李征³, 范志永⁴

作者单位：1. 军事科学院军事医学研究院科研保障中心，北京 100850;
2. 北京理工大学机械与车辆学院，北京 100081;
3. 北京林电伟业电子技术有限公司，北京 100097;
4. 公安部第一研究所，北京 102200

关键词：PCR仪;温度过冲;传热机理;有限元方法

摘要：

聚合酶链式反应（PCR）仪在生命科学研究、医学临床检验、食品安全检测等诸多领域具有广泛的应用。温度过冲现象是影响PCR仪扩增效果的重要因素。该文分析PCR仪的传热机理，针对某型号PCR仪构建单孔三维传热模型，运用数值方法模拟研究不同温度过冲量对反应试液温度的影响规律，并通过试液测温实验与一维仿真对比验证数值计算的准确性。在此基础上，通过改变反应试液量，研究在不同试液量下的试液温度差异性。结果表明：适当的温度过冲有利于反应试液的快速升/降温，而过量的温度过冲则会导致试液温度异常。此外，反应试液量越少，越容易产生温度过冲。

Finite element simulation research on temperature overshoot characteristics of a PCR instrument
ZHANG Chen¹, SUN Jixian², LIANG Xiaohui¹, WEI Mingshan², TIAN Ran², JIANG Bin¹, LI Zheng³, FAN Zhiyong⁴
1. Science Research Support Center, Academy of Military Medical Science, Academy of Military Science, Beijing 100850, China;
2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
3. Beijing Lindian Weiye Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100097, China;
4. First Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security of PRC, Beijing 102200, China
Abstract: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) instrument has been widely used in life science research, medical clinical laboratory, food safety detection and other fields. The temperature overshoot phenomenon is an essential factor affecting the PCR instrument amplification effect. In this paper, the heat transfer mechanism of the PCR instrument was investigated, and a single-hole three-dimensional heat transfer mathematical model for a specific type of PCR instrument was modeled. The finite element analysis method was adopted to study the influence of different temperature overshoots on the test solution temperature. The numerical result was verified by a test solution temperature measurement experiment and one-dimensional simulation. Moreover, the difference in test solution temperature under different test solution volume was also studied. The results showed that the proper temperature overshoot in the PCR temperature control curve was beneficial to the temperature control of the test solution. Excessive temperature overshoot induced the temperature anomaly of the test solution, and the test solution temperature overshoot increased with the decrease of the test solution volume.
Keywords: PCR instrument;temperature overshoot;heat transfer mechanism;finite element method
2022, 48(4):117-122  收稿日期: 2021-03-06;收到修改稿日期: 2021-05-22
基金项目: 装备发展部技术基础项目(192JK22004)
作者简介: 张辰（1976-），女，山东东平市人，工程师，硕士，主要从事科研仪器设备计量与维修工作
参考文献
[1] LYNCH J. PCR technology: principles and applications for DNA amplification[J]. Journal of Medical Genetics, 1992, 36(8): 536
[2] MALCOLM G, RAY B, JOHN M, et al. Evaluation of the applied biosystems automated taqman polymerase chain reaction system for the detection of meningococcal DNA[J]. Fems Immunology & Medical Microbiology, 2000(2): 173-179
[3] AZIZ I, JAMSHAID R, ZAIDIAND T, et al. Numerical simulation of heat transfer to optimize DNA amplification in polymerase chain reaction[C]//2016 13th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST). IEEE, 2016.
[4] 陈旭, 齐凤坤, 康立功, 等. 实时荧光定量PCR技术研究进展及其应用[J]. 东北农业大学学报, 2010, 41(8): 148-155
[5] 蒋子敬, 周李华, 马丽侠, 等. 聚合酶链反应分析仪计量测试技术探讨[J]. 中国测试, 2020, 46(10): 98-102
[6] 张丽萍, 朱毅晨, 张振彦. 基因扩增仪测温系统校准方法的研究[J]. 中国计量, 2016(2): 103-104
[7] ZHAO D, TAN G. A review of thermoelectric cooling: Materials, modeling and applications[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2014, 66(1-2): 15-24
[8] LI J, LIU S, LI S, et al. PCR instrument temperature control system based on multimodal control[C]//2020 Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC). 2020.
[9] BURKARDT H J. Standardization and quality control of PCR analyses[J]. Clinical Chemistry & Laboratory Medicine, 2000, 38(2): 87-91
[10] 黄靖, 陈章位, 姚英豪, 等. 定量PCR仪热循环系统温度均匀性有限元仿真研究[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2010, 31(5): 1142-1147
[11] 黄靖. 定量聚合酶链反应热循环系统及荧光检测技术研究 [D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2012.
[12] 毛贺, 陈章位, 黄靖, 等. PCR仪温度场热模型的研究与验证[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2013, 47(9): 1619-1624
[13] QIU X, YUAN J. Temperature control for PCR thermocyclers based on peltier-effect thermoelectric[J]. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, 2005, 7: 7509-7512
[14] SHOJAEFARD M H, GOUDARZI K. The numerical estimation of thermal contact resistance in contacting surfaces.[J]. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 2008, 5(11): 1566-71
[15] 杨世铭, 陶文铨. 传热学 [M]. 4版. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2006: 33-46.
[16] 陈振林, 孙中泉. 半导体制冷器原理与应用[J]. 微电子技术, 1999(5): 63-65