作者：刘宇鹏1,2, 马建明1, 裴庆龙1, 郭超1, 张能3, 林显富2
作者单位：1. 内蒙古电力（集团）有限责任公司，内蒙古 呼和浩特 010020;
2. 湖南大学电气与信息工程学院，湖南 长沙 410082;
3. 国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司，湖北 武汉 430415
关键词：抗直流互感器;阻抗模型;线性模型;谐波;频率响应
摘要：
近年来为保证电能计量在直流偏置环境下的精确性，抗直流电流互感器得到广泛的关注。虽然抗直流电流互感器能够有效地在较大直流分量环境下保持非磁饱和状态工作，即工作在线性区域，但其谐波电流的传变特性至今仍不清晰。为此，该文建立抗直流电流互感器的等效线性电路进行谐波电流的频率影响特性分析。首先，分别建立基于非气隙式电流互感器和气隙式电流互感器的励磁等效电感模型。其次基于该励磁等效电感，建立抗直流电流互感器的等效阻抗模型。通过该建立的等效阻抗模型，进一步地探索抗直流电流互感器不同关键参数对谐波电流的传变影响，揭示抗直流电流互感器的谐波电流传变特性。最后在Matlab/Simulink中搭建仿真模型验证理论分析。结果分析发现：1）增加互感器的气隙能够极大地扩大互感器的线性工作区域，从而有效地保证互感器在各种恶劣的环境下实现精准的信号测量；2）互感器铁心的平均磁路长度和气隙的变化对谐波电流的传变有很少的影响。但，互感器的励磁通道的等效电阻和电感的大小严重影响谐波频率的传变。
Principle and analysis of harmonic frequency response of anti-DC current transformer
LIU Yupeng1,2, MA Jianming1, PEI Qinglong1, GUO Chao1, ZHANG Neng3, LIN Xianfu2
1. Inner Mongolia Power(Group) Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010020, China;
2. College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;
3. State Grid Electric Power Research Institute Wuhan Nari Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430415, China
Abstract: In recent years, to ensure the accuracy of electric energy measurement in the DC bias environment, anti-DC current transformers have received extensive attention. Although the anti-DC current transformer can effectively maintain the non-magnetic saturation state in the environment of large DC component, that is, work in the linear region, the transmission characteristics of its harmonic current are still unclear. For this reason, this paper establishes the equivalent linear circuit of anti-DC current transformer to analyze the frequency influence characteristics of harmonic current. First, the excitation equivalent inductance models are established based on non-air-gap current transformers and air-gap current transformers. Secondly, based on the excitation equivalent inductance, the equivalent impedance model of the anti-DC current transformer is established. Through the established equivalent impedance model, the influence of different key parameters of the anti-DC current transformer on the harmonic current transmission is further explored, and the harmonic current transmission characteristics of the anti-DC current transformer are revealed. Finally, a simulation model is built in Matlab/Simulink to verify the theoretical analysis. The analysis results show that 1) increasing the transformer's air gap can greatly expand the linear working area of the transformer, thus effectively ensuring the accurate signal measurement of the transformer in various harsh environments. 2) The change of the average magnetic circuit length and air gap of the transformer core has little effect on the transmission of harmonic current. However, the equivalent resistance and inductance of the excitation channel of the transformer seriously affect the transmission of harmonic frequencies.
Keywords: anti-DC current transformer;impedance model;linear model;harmonic;frequency response
2024, 50(4):109-118,133 收稿日期: 2021-12-15;收到修改稿日期: 2022-05-24
基金项目: 内蒙古电力公司2021年科技计划项目（2021-69）
作者简介: 刘宇鹏(1987-),男,山西定襄县人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事电能计量新技术研究。
参考文献
[1] 刘钢. 电流互感器非线性特性分析及对电能计量影响研究[D]. 重庆：重庆大学, 2013.
LIU G. Analysis of nonlinear characteristics of current transformers and research on their impact on energy measurement [D] .Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2013.
[2] KOTHEIMER W C, ANNAKKAGE U D, MCLAREN P G, et al . Discussion of "a current transformer model based on the Jiles-Atherton theory of ferromagnetic hysteresis"[Closure to discussion][J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2000, 15(4): 1323-1324.
[3] 刘俭, 姜春阳, 殷小东, 等. 谐波电压互感器宽频特性试验研究[J]. 中国测试, 2021, 47(8): 130-136
LIU J, JIANG C Y, YIN X D, et al. Study on frequency characteristics of harmonic voltage transformer[J]. China Measurement & Test, 2021, 47(8): 130-136
[4] 常潇, 张世锋, 王金浩. 多元非线性用户交互影响下谐波责任量化方法[J]. 中国测试, 2022, 48(4): 95-101
CHANG X, ZHANG S F, WANG J H. Harmonic liability quantification method under the influence of multiple nonlinear user interactions[J]. China Measurement & Test, 2022, 48(4): 95-101
[5] 王飞翔. 直流偏磁对电流互感器的影响分析[D]. 兰州：兰州理工大学, 2017.
WANG F X. Analysis of the influence of DC bias on current transformers [D].Lanzhou: Lanzhou University of Technology, 2017.
[6] 宋道军, 刘成, 黎曦. 带气隙铁心电流互感器的频率响应特性[J]. 重庆电力高等专科学校学报, 2012, 17(6): 63-66
SONG D J, LIU C, LI X. Frequency response characteristics of current transformers with air gap iron cores[J]. Journal of Chongqing Electric Power College, 2012, 17(6): 63-66
[7] 李宁彩. 电流互感器建模及其饱和对线路保护影响研究[D]. 保定：华北电力大学, 2015.
LI N C. Research on modeling of current transformers and the impact of saturation on line protection [D].Baoding: North China Electric Power University, 2015.
[8] 王海元, 李恺, 张军号, 等. 电能计量装置二次回路误差分析与应对[J]. 中国测试, 2021, 47(09): 133-137
WANG H Y, LI K, ZHANG J H, et al. Analysis and countermeasures of error for the secondary circuit of electric energy metering device[J]. China Measurement & Test, 2021, 47(09): 133-137
[9] 李特, 周国良, 金涌涛, 等. 基于测录波形的铁芯设备励磁特性转换方法探讨[J]. 中国测试, 2019, 45(2): 54-58
LI T, ZHOU G L, JIN Y T, et al. Discussion on conversion method for excitation characteristic measurements of iron core equipment based on excitation waveform[J]. China Measurement & Test,, 2019, 45(2): 54-58
[10] 陈利翔, 吴丹岳, 邵振国. 基于J-A动态磁滞模型的电流互感器谐波变换建模及实验验证[J]. 电气技术, 2016(8): 14-18
CHEN L X, WU D Y, SHAO Z G. Modeling and experimental verification of harmonic transformation in current transformers based on J-A dynamic hysteresis model[J]. Electrical Engineering, 2016(8): 14-18
[11] 李长云, 李庆民, 李贞, 等. 直流偏磁条件下电流互感器的传变特性[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2010, 30(19): 127-132
LI C Y, LI Q M, LI Z, et al. The transmission characteristics of current transformers under DC bias conditions[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2010, 30(19): 127-132
[12] 刘罡, 姜春阳, 房琛. 抗直流偏磁电流互感器校验装置配置与应用[J]. 山东电力技术, 2020, 47(5): 22-25
LIU G, JIANG C Y, FANG C. Configuration and application of anti DC bias current transformer calibration device[J]. Shandong Electric Power, 2020, 47(5): 22-25
[13] 赵玉富, 张龙, 田闽哲,等. 抗直流偏磁电流互感器在低压系统中的研究与应用[J]. 河南电力, 2019(S1): 38-41
ZHAO Y F, ZHANG L, TIAN M Z, et al. Research and application of anti DC bias current transformers in low-voltage systems[J]. Henan Electric Power, 2019(S1): 38-41
[14] 王保帅, 肖霞, 徐雁, 等. 一种新型抗直流电流互感器检定系统的研究[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2018, 46(17): 68-74
WANG B S, XIAO X, XU Y, et al. Research on a new type of anti DC current transformer calibration system[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2018, 46(17): 68-74
[15] HAN T, JIANG T, LIAO Y, et al "Simulation Investigation on Anti-DC Current Transformer with Double Core, " 2021 IEEE 4th International Electrical and Energy Conference (CIEEC), 2021:1-5.
