作者：陶静1,2, 陈思1,2
作者单位：1. 鞍山师范学院化学与生命科学学院，辽宁 鞍山 114007;
2. 辽宁省天然产物活性分子开发及利用重点实验室，辽宁 鞍山 114007
关键词：桃金娘;果实;活性成分;挥发油;抗氧化活性
摘要：
该文研究桂林桃金娘果实挥发油最佳提取工艺、活性成分以及挥发油的抗氧化活性，以正交实验确定桂林桃金娘果实挥发油活性成分的最佳提取工艺，采用GC-MS对该挥发油活性成分进行分析，以紫外可见分光光度法测定活性成分对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基（·OH）的清除效率。结果表明桃金娘果实挥发油活性成分提取的最佳工艺条件为：料液比1∶5，提取温度85 ℃，提取时间5 h。从挥发油中共分离鉴定出35种组分，主要成分为D-柠檬烯、芳樟醇，2,6-二叔丁基-4-羟基-4-甲基环己-2,5-二烯-1-酮和反式石竹烯等。抗氧化性研究表明：桂林桃金娘果实挥发油具有较强的抗氧化活性，对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基（·OH）都具有较强的清除作用，清除率皆达到85%以上。其中，对DPPH自由基的清除能力要略强于对羟基自由基（·OH）的清除能力。桂林桃金娘果实挥发油具有较好的抗氧化活性和较高的药用开发价值。
Analysis of active ingredients and its antioxidant activity of volatile oil in Rhodomyrtus tomentosa fruits from Guilin
TAO Jing1,2, CHEN Si1,2
1. College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Anshan Normal University, Anshan 114007, China;
2. Liaoning Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization for Natural Products Active Molecules,Anshan 114007, China
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the optimized extraction condition, the chemical components and its antioxidant capacity of the active ingredients in volatile oil of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa fluits. Methods: The optimized condition for the extraction of the active ingredients was determined by orthogonal experiment. The chemical components of volatile oil were analyzed by GC-MS. The antioxidant capacity was explored by UV-vis absorption spectrum. Results: The optimal extraction condition for the volatile oil in Rhodomyrtus tomentosa fluits was listed as follows: Ratio of material to liquid 1∶5, the extraction temperature 85 ℃, and the extraction time 5 h. 35 kinds of chemical components were found from the volatile oil, mainly including D-limonene, linalool, 2,6-Di-tert- butyl-4-hydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one and trans caryophyllene, etc. The volatile oil in Rhodomyrtus tomentosa fluits exhibited excellent scavenging capability for DPPH· and OH· with scavenging ratio over 85%, especially better scavenging effect for DPPH· than OH·. Conclusion: The volatile oil of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa fluits in Guilin possessed preeminent antioxidant capacity and potential utilization value for medicine development.
Keywords: Rhodomyrtus tomentosa;fruit;active ingredients;volatile oil;antioxidant activity
2024, 50(5):71-78 收稿日期: 2023-08-16;收到修改稿日期: 2023-10-25
基金项目: 辽宁省百千万人才工程项目（2019921009）；辽宁省自然科学基金面上项目（201602001）；鞍山师范学院校企合作项目 （PAN2018011）
作者简介: 陶静(1975-),女,湖南长沙市人,教授,硕士,主要从事天然产物提取及功能研究。
参考文献
[1] 陈涛, 余楚国, 夏雪奎, 等. 山稔子挥发油化学组成研究[J]. 中山大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 194(6): 135-137.
CHEN T, YU C G, XIA X K, et al. .Analysis of volatile components from the fructus rhodomyrti[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni, 2007, 194(6): 135-137.
[2] 高桂花. 桃金娘根中挥发性成分研究[J]. 济宁医学院学报, 2015, 38(1): 26-28.
GAO G H. Analysis of volatile components in Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk[J]. Journal of Jining Medical University,2015, 38(1): 26-28.
[3] 朱春福, 刘洪新, 贺峦, 等. 桃金娘叶的化学成分研究[J]. 热带亚热带植物学报, 2015, 23(1): 103-108.
ZHU C F, LIU H X, HE L, et al. Chemical constituents from leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa[J]. 2015, 23(1): 103-108.
[4] 田圆圆, 刘绒梅, 耿 琦, 等. 四川传统腌腊肉制品中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及其抗氧化能力研究[J]. 中国测试, 2018, 44(1): 54-59.
TIAN Y Y, LIU R M, GENG Q, et al. Isolation, identification and antioxidant potential of lactic acid bacteria derived from Sichuan traditional cured meats[J]. China Measurement and Test, 2018, 44(1): 54-59.
[5] 雷辉, 夏童, 王佳女, 等. 海洋真菌 Pestalotiopsis sp. 甾体化合物的分离纯化及抗肿瘤活性研究[J]. 中国测试, 2023, 49(3): 60-64.
LEI H, XIA T, WANG J N, et al. Separation and purification of sterols from marine fungus Pestalotiopsis sp. and study on its anti-tumor activity[J]. China Measurement and Test, 2023, 49(3): 60-64.
[6] 曹月, 邓岳, 徐小芳, 等. 自然发酵酱油酱醅中产香芽孢杆菌的筛选及其产酶性能研究[J]. 中国测试, 2021, 47(8): 58-64.
CAO Y, DENG Y, XU X F, et al. Screening of flavor-producing Bacillus from naturally fermented soy sauce moromi and its enzyme production capacity[J]. China Measurement and Test, 2021, 47(8): 58-64
[7] 何颖. 中药挥发油提取方法分析[J]. 天津药学, 2015, 27(1): 47-50.
HE Y. The analysis of methods for extracting essential oils[J]. Tianjin Pharmacy, 2015, 27(1): 47-50[J].
[8] 伍振峰, 王赛君, 杨明, 等. 中药挥发油提取工艺与装备现状及问题分析[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2014, 20(14): 224-228.
WU Z F, WANG S J, YANG M, et al. Research status and problem analysis of extraction process of volatile oil from traditional chinese medicine[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae, 2014, 20(14): 224-228.
[9] 于赟, 陈川. 中药挥发油提取技术及生物活性的研究进展[J]. 上海中医药大学学报, 2014, 28(2): 75-78.
YU Y, CHEN C. Research progress on extractive technique and biological activity of essential oil[J]. Journal of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2014, 28(2): 75-78.
[10] 颜永刚, 郭晓恒, 邓翀. 云南产野生和栽培薄荷中挥发油的GC-MS比较分析[J]. 中草药. 2011, 42(6): 1090-1092.
YAN Y G, GUO X H, DENG C. Comparative analysis on essential oil in wild and cultivated Mentha haplocalyx from Yunnan Province by GC-MS[J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2011, 42(6): 1090-1092.
[11] 邵佩, 张雨迎, 钟琳, 等. 薄荷油的提取、药理作用及微胶囊化研究进展[J]. 食品与机械, 2022, 38(2): 235-240.
SHAO P, ZHANG Y Y, ZHONG L, et al. Research progress on extraction, pharmacological effects and microencapsulation of peppermint oil[J]. Food and Machinery, 2022, 38(2): 235-240.
[12] 王万, 原红果, 陈博, 等. 中药挥发油研究现状探讨[J]. 时珍国医国药, 2006, 17(5): 848-850.
WANG W, YUAN H G, CHEN B, et al. The research status of herbal volatile oil[J]. Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medical Research, 2006, 17(5): 848-850.
[13] 梁洁怡, 徐阳纯, 李维嘉, 等. 桃金娘果实中挥发油提取工艺的优化及GC-MS鉴定[J]. 食品工业, 2018, 39(12): 124-127.
LIANG J Y, XU Y C, LI W J, et al. Optimization of extraction technology of volatile oil from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa and GC-MS Analysis[J]. The Food Industry, 2018, 39(12): 124-127.
[14] 吴萍萍, 尹艳艳, 朱宝君, 等. 不同方法提取山稔子挥发油的比较研究[J]. 香料香精化妆品, 2015, 1: 9-13.
WU P P, YIN Y Y, ZHU B J, et al. Comparison of volatile oils of fructus rhodomyrti obtained by different methods[J]. Flavour Fragrance Cosmetics, 2015, 1: 9-13.
[15] 陈文芬. 桃金娘精油的提取及其降亚硝酸盐活性研究[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2011(12).
CHEN W F. Study on extraction of essential oil from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk and the effect on the activity of nitrite reduction[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2011.
[16] 宋歌, 夏娇, 肖强. 湖北黄精叶片挥发油GC-MS分析及抗氧化活性测定[J]. 湖北民族大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 40(4): 374-379,384.
SONG G, XIA J, XIAO Q. GC-MS analysis and antioxidant activities determination of volatile oil from leaves of Polygonatum zanlanscianense Pamp[J]. Journal of Hubei Minzu University (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 40(4): 374-379, 384.
[17] 郑燕菲, 张强, 蓝亮美, 等. 八角茴香壳与籽中挥发油成分分析及抗氧化性研究[J]. 粮食与油脂, 2022, 35(5): 83-86.
ZHENG Y F, ZHANG Q , LAN L M, et al. Component analysis and antioxidant activity of volatile oils from star anise shell and seed[J]. Cereals and Oils, 2022, 35(5): 83-86.
[18] 韦献雅, 殷丽琴, 钟成, 等. DPPH法评价抗氧化活性研究进展[J]. 食品科学, 2014, 35(9): 317-322.
WEI X Y, YIN L Q, ZHONG C, et al. Advances in the DPPH radical scavenging assay for antioxidant activity evaluation[J]. Food Science, 2014, 35(9): 317-322.
[19] 陶静, 翁霞, 王喜珠. 甘谷伏椒挥发油成分及抗氧化活性研究[J]. 中国调味品, 2024, 49(4): 79-84.
TAO J, WENG X, WANG X Z. Study on components and antioxidant activity of volatile oil from Gangu Fujiao[J]. China Condiment, 2024, 49(4): 79-84.
[20] 王曼笛. 艾草精油主要化合物桉叶油醇的抑菌机理及艾草精油Pickering乳液抑菌作用研究[D]. 郑州: 河南工业大学, 2022.
WANG M D. Antibacterial mechanism of the main compounds in Artemisia argyi essential oil-eucalyptol and antibacterial effect of Artemisia argyi essential oil pickering emulsion[D]. Zhengzhou: Henan University of Technology, 2022.
[21] 肖婷, 崔炯谟, 李倩, 等. 桃金娘的化学成分、药理作用和临床应用研究进展[J]. 现代药物与临床, 2013, 28(5): 800-805.
XIAO T, CUI J M, LI Q et al. Research progress on chemical constituents, pharmacology and clinical application of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa[J]. Drugs and Clinic, 2013, 28(5): 800-805.
[22] 刘晓宇, 陈旭冰, 陈光勇. β-石竹烯及其衍生物的生物活性与合成研究进展[J]. 林产化学与工业, 2012, 1: 108-114.
>LIU X Y, CHEN X B, CHEN G Y. Research progress in bioactivity and synthesis of β-caryophyllene and its derivatives[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2012, 1: 108-114.
[23] 陈丽珍. 山稔子的有效成分及其药食应用研究进展[J]. 亚太传统医药, 2012, 8(6): 212-213.
CHEN L Z. Advances in the research of active ingredients and medicine and edible function of fructus Rhodomyrti[J]. Asia-Pacific Traditional Medicine, 2012, 8(6): 212-213.
