作者：陈亚军, 周姝, 黄彦

作者单位：中国民航大学中欧航空工程师学院, 天津 300300

关键词：平均晶粒尺寸检测;ASTM E112-2012;GB/T 6394-2002;标准

摘要：

为制定更适合我国民航行业的金属材料平均晶粒尺寸的检测标准, 从标准评级图、面积法计算公式、断口晶粒尺寸法以及其他影响平均晶粒尺寸精确度的因素4个方面, 比较分析ASTM和GB检测标准的主要的差异。结果表明: ASTM和GB的标准评级图相同, 但给出的金属材料适用范围、放大倍数换算表格不同, 导致评级结果精度差异;面积法中, ASTM标准中的圆形法和矩形法分别有Jeffries, Saltykov的研究成果作为支撑, 更为科学, 而GB使用的测量网格规定和计算公式有待改进;ASTM和GB对于晶粒尺寸等相关概念、检测方法使用规定等方面的表述和理解存在差异, 对平均晶粒尺寸的精度存在影响;断口晶粒尺寸法为ASTM独有。在制定我国民航行业的金属材料平均晶粒尺寸检测标准时, 相比GB/T 63942002, ASTM E1122012标准更加详细、规范, 实用性高, 更符合我国民航行业行情。

Study on the test standards of average grain sizes of aeronautical metal materials

CHEN Yajun, ZHOU Shu, HUANG Yan

Sino-European Institute of Aviation Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China

Abstract: To provide a reasonable reference for the formulation of the testing standards of the average grain sizes of metal materials in Chinese aviation industry, the paper has compared and analyzed the major differences of the testing standards ASTM and GB in terms of four aspects: standard rating charts, area-method formula (Jeffries procedure), other factors that affect the accuracy of average grain sizes, and the Fracture Grain Size Methods The study has revealed that the standard rating charts given by the ASTM and GB testing standards are identical, whereas the applicable metal-material ranges and the amplification-conversing tables are difference. Thus, the rating accuracy is difference as well. In the Planimetric (Jeffries) procedure, the circular method and the rectangular method of the ASTM testing standard are more reliably based on the research achievements of Jeffries and Saltykov. Conversely, the provisions on measurement grids and the calculation formula of the GB testing standard have yet to be improved. The above two standards differ in the expression and interpretation of grain size-related concepts and detection methods, which has impacted the accuracy of the average grain sizes. The Fracture Grain Size Method is unique to the ASTM testing standard. Compared to GB/T 6394——2002, ASTM E112——2012 is more specific, more normative, highly practical, and better tailors the Chinese civil aviation industry.

Keywords: average grain size;ASTM E112-2012;GB/T 6394-2002;standard

2015, 41(6): 8-11,17  收稿日期: 2015-1-5;收到修改稿日期: 2015-2-27

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51301198);中央高校基本科研业务费中国民航大学专项(3122013H002)

作者简介: 陈亚军(1976-),男,天津市人,副教授,博士,主要从事材料性能检测及标准方面的科研和教学。

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