作者：贾雪, 王雪梅, 甘文成, 倪文波
作者单位：西南交通大学机械工程学院, 四川 成都 610031
关键词：螺栓轴向应力;超声波;标定试验;小波去噪
摘要：
针对常规检测法测试螺栓轴向应力准确度不高的问题，提出采用超声波对螺栓轴向应力进行测量的方法，研究适用于工程实际的超声纵波检测法。结合胡克定律和声弹性效应原理推导螺栓应力与超声波声时差的关系，并分析温度对测量结果的影响。建立简便有效的标定测试试验系统，采用高速率和高分辨率的测试系统对超声回波信号进行采集，利用小波去噪的方法，消除高频噪声对测试信号的影响。通过对8.8级碳钢和12.9级合金钢两种不同材质螺栓的实际测试和数据处理，实现基于声弹性效应的螺栓轴向应力的标定测试，得到反映螺栓轴向应力和超声波声时差的线性函数关系，其重复准确度达2%~5%，线性关系高度显著。
Research on calibration of bolt's axial stress based on acoustoelastic effect
JIA Xue, WANG Xuemei, GAN Wencheng, NI Wenbo
School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
Abstract: Aimed at solving the problem of the poor accuracy of bolt's axial stress measured by conventional testing methods, an ultrasonic testing method is proposed to measure the bolt's axial stress, and the method of ultrasonic longitudinal wave detection suitable for engineering application is studied. Based on Hooke's law and the principle of acoustoelastic effect, the relationship between the stress of the bolt and the time difference of ultrasonic time-of-flight(TOF) is deduced, and the influence of temperature on the measurement result is also analyzed. A simple and effective calibration test system is established and a testing system of high speed and high resolution is used to collect ultrasonic echo signals. With the wavelet de-noising method, the influence of high frequency noises on the test signals is eliminated. Through the actual testing and data processing of grade 8.8 carbon steel and grade 12.9 alloy steel bolts, the bolt's axial stress is calibrated based on acoustoelastic effect and the linear function reflecting the relationship between the axial stress of the bolt, and the time difference of the ultrasonic TOF is obtained. The repetitive accuracy reaches 2%-5% and the linearity is highly significant.
Keywords: axial stress of bolt;ultrasonic;calibration testing;wavelet de-noising
2018, 44(3): 23-27 收稿日期: 2017-07-11;收到修改稿日期: 2017-08-23
基金项目: 深圳市技术攻关资助项目（重20170413）
作者简介: 贾雪(1992-),女,四川成都市人,硕士研究生,专业方向为仪器科学与技术。
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