作者：蒋冬清, 李三雁

作者单位：四川大学锦城学院, 四川 成都 611731

关键词：振动与噪声;有限元法;模态分析;频率响应

摘要：

针对某客车车型，介绍车身结构振动与噪声特性研究的有限元法，即模态分析和频率响应分析方法的具体实施过程。采用MSC-Nastran 2010软件，选用壳单元类型，按前后各一个吊耳的实际结构定义边界条件。模态分析的结果提示车身结构前10阶固有频率应避开发动机经常工作的频率，并可以判断有无局部模态产生及其发生的位置，确定位置后应予以刚度优化，以避免影响其车身NVH特性。通过有限元法的频率响应分析可获得在任何一个稳态激励下车身结构任意一点的位移、速度、加速度响应，判断是否存在局部共振现象，能够较早地预测结构动态设计不足的问题，以改善车身结构NVH特性。

Finite element method-based study on vehicle vibration and noise characteristics

JIANG Dongqing, LI Sanyan

Jincheng College of Sichuan University, Chengdu 611731, China

Abstract: This paper introduced finite element method to the study on the vehicle structural vibration and noise characteristics regarding designated passenger vehicle types, namely, the specific implementation of modal analysis and frequency response analysis. With the aid of MSC-Nastran 2010 software, shell element is selected as the element type and boundary conditions is defined in reference to the physical structure of two lifting lugs at front and rear in respective. Implied from the modal analysis result, the first ten natural frequencies of vehicle structure shall be differentiated from the normal operating frequency of motor and whether any local mode is formed and it location can be identified. The spotted location shall have its stiffness optimized to eliminate impact on NVH performance of vehicle body. Through finite element method-based frequency response analysis, displacement, velocity and acceleration response of and from any structural point under steady state excitation can be obtained to determine whether there is any local resonance, so as to make an early move to forecast deficiencies in structural dynamic design and improve the vehicle structural NVH performance.

Keywords: vibration and noise;finite element method;modal analysis;frequency response

2016, 42(8): 141-144  收稿日期: 2016-3-20;收到修改稿日期: 2016-4-27

基金项目: 

作者简介: 蒋冬清(1984-),女,广西桂林市人,讲师,硕士,主要从事机械制图、机械设计、智能机器人等方面的研究。

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