作者：王哲, 崔西明, 濮海明, 康宜华

作者单位：华中科技大学机械科学与工程学院, 湖北 武汉 430074

关键词：测厚工艺;分层检测;晶片尺寸;最小二乘法;校准方法

摘要：

钢管厚度及分层超声检测系统中，检测工艺和校准方法对检测精度有较大影响。该文首先探讨探头晶片尺寸对分层检测的影响，选取小尺寸探头晶片进行钢管分层的识别；针对钢管超声自动化测厚工艺，采用钢管螺旋前进以及超声探头阵列扫查的方式，保证全覆盖的管体厚度和分层检测；设计一种检测水箱带动探头主动气浮跟踪的装置，提高探头对中精度和检测稳定性。最后提出一种基于最小二乘法的超声测厚仪器校准方法，通过斜率修正钢管的温度、材质等因数对声速的影响，通过截距修正系统误差，壁厚测量误差在0.1 mm以内；实验进一步验证校准方法的可靠性。

Research on thickness and lamination detection technology and calibration method of pipe automation ultrasonic testing

WANG Zhe, CUI Ximing, PU Haiming, KANG Yihua

School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

Abstract: With regard to steel pipe thickness measurement and ultrasonic lamination detection system, detection technology and calibration method have a great impact on the detection accuracy. The paper discussed the impact of the probe wafer size to lamination detection firstly, and selected probe wafer of small sizes to detect the steel pipe lamination. With regard to the automatic ultrasonic steel pipe thickness measurement technology, spiral forward of steel pipe and array scanning of proper wafer were adopted to fully cover pipe for thickness and lamination detection. A device whose detection tank drives the probe for floating tracking was designed to improve the centering precision and stability of probe. Finally, an ultrasonic instrument calibration method based on least squares method was presented. By correcting the impact of steel pipe temperature and materials and other factors on acoustic velocity through slope and correcting system error through intercept, the pipe thickness error was controlled within 0.1 mm. The test has further validated the reliability of the calibration method.

Keywords: thickness measurement process;lamination detection;wafer size;least square method;calibration method

2017, 43(3): 1-4  收稿日期: 2016-08-06;收到修改稿日期: 2016-10-23

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51475194，51275193）

作者简介: 王哲(1991-),男,安徽阜阳市人,博士研究生,主要从事无损检测方向研究。

参考文献

[1] 李杨辉. 无缝钢管超声波测厚工艺及装置研究[D]. 昆明:昆明理工大学,2006.
[2] 高宏明,陈桂,于庆彬. 大口径无缝钢管分层的自动化超声波检测[J]. 现代冶金,2010,38(5):30-31.
[3] DIXON S, EDWARDS C, PALMER S B. High accuracy non-contact ultrasonic thickness gauging of aluminium sheet using electromagnetic acoustic transducers[J]. Ultrasonics,2001,39(6):445-453.
[4] 美国无损检测学会. 美国无损检测手册:超声卷上下册[M]. 北京:世界图书出版公司,1996:137-145.
[5] 李慧娟,陈友兴,席海军,等. 相关匹配在超声测厚信号特征提取中的应用[J]. 中国测试,2015,41(3):96-98.
[6] 承压无缝和焊接(埋弧焊除外)钢管分层的超声检测:GB 20490-2006[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[7] 涂君. 钢管水浸超声自动检测的关键工艺参数[D]. 武汉:华中科技大学,2009.
[8] OKAMOTO J, ADAMOWSKI J C, TSUZUKI M S G, et al. Autonomous system for oil pipelines inspection[J]. Mechatronics,1999(9):731-743.
[9] 李文靖,赵国彬,刘盈粲. 基于红外超声的九点校准的进化算法[J]. 计算机科学,2015,42(6):125-127.
[10] CORREIA C. Ultrasonic calibration details[J]. Journal of Nondestructive Testing,2008(1):1-5.
[11] WILLIAMS D L, KEPLEY K, PAINTER J, et al. Control System for Calibrating and Driving Ultrasonic Transducer:US 5406503 A[P].1995-04-01.